https://www.selleckchem.com/products/cp-43.html PURPOSE The surface-matching registration method in the current neuronavigation completes the coarse registration mainly by manually selecting anatomical landmarks, which increases the registration time, makes the automatic registration impossible and sometimes results in mismatch. It may be more practical to use a fast, accurate and automatic spatial registration method for the patient-to-image registration. METHODS A coarse-to-fine spatial registration method to automatically register the patient space to the image space without placing any markers on the head of the patient was proposed. 3D keypoints were extracted by 3D Harris corner detector from the point clouds in the patient and image spaces, and used as input to the 4-points congruent sets (4PCS) algorithm which automatically registered the keypoints in the patient space with the keypoints in the image space without any assumptions about initial alignment. Coarsely aligned point clouds in the patient and image space were then fine-registered with a vnteeing the equivalent or higher registration accuracy, and avoids a tedious manual process for the coarse registration. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Pleiotropy between male signals and female preferences can facilitate evolution of sexual communication by maintaining coordination between the sexes. Alternatively, it can favor variation in the mating system, such as a reproductive polymorphism. It is unknown how common either of these scenarios is in nature. In Pacific field crickets (Teleogryllus oceanicus) on Kauai, Hawaii, a mutation (flatwing) that segregates as a single locus is responsible for the rapid loss of song production in males. We used outbred cricket colonies fixed for male wing morph to investigate whether homozygous flatwing and normal-wing (wild-type) females differ in responsiveness to male calling song and propensity to mate when paired with either a flatwing or n