https://www.selleckchem.com/products/deoxycholic-acid-sodium-salt.html Objectives Gulf War Illness (GWI) is a chronic, multi-symptom disorder with underlying central nervous system dysfunction and cognitive impairments. The objective of this study was to test the low glutamate diet as a novel treatment for cognitive dysfunction among those with GWI, and to explore if baseline resting-state electroencephalography (EEG) could predict cognitive outcomes.Methods Cognitive functioning was assessed at baseline, after one-month on the diet, and across a two-week double-blind, placebo-controlled crossover challenge with monosodium glutamate (MSG) relative to placebo.Results Significant improvements were seen after one-month on the diet in overall cognitive functioning, and in all other domains tested (FDR p  less then  0.05), except for memory. Challenge with MSG resulted in significant inter-individual response variability (p  less then  0.0001). Participants were clustered according to baseline resting-state EEG using k-means clustering to explore the inter-individual response variability. Three distinct EEG clusters were observed, and each corresponded with differential cognitive effects during challenge with MSG cluster 1 had cognitive benefit (24% of participants), cluster 2 had cognitive detriment (42% of participants), and cluster 3 had mild/mixed effects (33% of participants).Discussion These findings suggest that the low glutamate diet may be a beneficial treatment for cognitive impairment in GWI. Future research is needed to understand the extent to which resting-state EEG can predict response to the low glutamate diet and to explore the mechanisms behind the varied response to acute glutamate challenge.The distinction between food and drugs has blurred in recent years with a new - and novel - health paradigm representing a hybrid of "nutrition" and "pharmaceuticals." Nutraceuticals are formulated or processed to satisfy dietary requirements arising from physical