https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ala-gln.html Herein we briefly review the in vitro prediction methods that serve to identify drugs with a potential to induce hyperbilirubinemia. In vitro assays can be deployed early in drug development and may help to minimize late-stage attrition. Based on current evidence, drugs that behave as mono- or multispecific inhibitors of OATP1B1, UGT1A1, and BSEP in vitro are at risk of causing clinically significant hyperbilirubinemia. By integrating inhibition data from in vitro assays, drug serum concentrations, and clinical reports of hyperbilirubinemia, predictor cut-off values have been established and are provisionally suggested in this review. Further validation of in vitro readouts to clinical outcomes is expected to enhance the predictive power of these assays.Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is one of the most prominent public health threats. AMR genes localized on plasmids can be easily transferred between bacterial isolates by horizontal gene transfer, thereby contributing to the spread of AMR. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies are ideal for the detection of AMR genes; however, reliable reconstruction of plasmids is still a challenge due to large repetitive regions. This study proposes a workflow to reconstruct plasmids with NGS data in view of AMR gene localization, i.e., chromosomal or on a plasmid. Whole-genome and plasmid DNA extraction methods were compared, as were assemblies consisting of short reads (Illumina MiSeq), long reads (Oxford Nanopore Technologies) and a combination of both (hybrid). Furthermore, the added value of conjugation of a plasmid to a known host was evaluated. As a case study, an isolate harboring a large, low-copy mcr-1-carrying plasmid (>200 kb) was used. Hybrid assemblies of NGS data obtained from whole-genome DNA extractions of the original isolates resulted in the most complete reconstruction of plasmids. The optimal workflow was successfully applied to multidrug-resistant Salmo