Therefore, our study potentially provides a powerful experimental support for the treatment of AMD.
  To investigate the association between smartphone use and refractive error in teenagers using the Myopia app.
 
  Cross-sectional population-based study.
 
  A total of 525 teenagers 12 to 16 years of age from 6 secondary schools and from the birth cohort study Generation R participated.
 
  A smartphone application (Myopia app; Innovattic) was designed to measure smartphone use and face-to-screen distance objectively and to pose questions about outdoor exposure. Participants underwent cycloplegic refractive error and ocular biometry measurements. Mean daily smartphone use was calculated in hours per day and continuous use as the number of episodes of 20 minutes on screen without breaks. Linear mixed models were conducted with smartphone use, continuous use, and face-to-screen distance as determinants and spherical equivalent of refraction (SER) and axial length-to-corneal radius (ALCR) ratio as outcome measures stratified by median outdoor exposure.
 
  Spherical equivalent of refraction in diopters and ALCR ratiomyopic refractive errors, particularly in those with low outdoor exposure. This study suggested that frequent breaks should become a recommendation for smartphone use in teenagers. Future large longitudinal studies will allow more detailed information on safe screen use in youth.
 Dutch teenagers spent almost 4 hours per day on their smartphones. Episodes of 20 minutes of continuous use were associated with more myopic refractive errors, particularly in those with low outdoor exposure. This study suggested that frequent breaks should become a recommendation for smartphone use in teenagers. Future large longitudinal studies will allow more detailed information on safe screen use in youth.
  To identify socioeconomic and demographic disparities in the utilization of telemedicine during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
 
  A cross-sectional study of completed clinical encounters in an academic ophthalmology center from March 1, 2020 through August 31, 2020.
 
  A total of 5,023 patients comprising 8,116 ophthalmic clinical encounters were included.
 
  Medical charts were abstracted for patient demographic information. We utilized patients' addresses to identify zipcode-level socioeconomic characteristics, which were drawn from the 2019 American Community Survey (ACS) 5-year estimates.
 
  The completion of a synchronous video encounter, the completion of a telephone (audio-only) encounter in the absence of any video encounters, or the completion of in-person encounters only.
 
  From March 1, 2020 to August 31, 2020 there were 8,116 total completed clinical encounters for 5,023 unique patients. Of these patients, 446 (8.9%) participated in a video encounter, 642 (12.8%) completed a telepizing phone visits.
 
  Ethnic/racial minorities, older patients, and non-English speaking individuals were significantly less likely to complete a video telehealth encounter. In the context of expanding telemedicine usage in the United States, and the need to reduce the disparate impact of COVID-19 on minority populations, it will be increasingly important to identify barriers to telehealth utilization, as well as opportunities to improve access.
 Ethnic/racial minorities, older patients, and non-English speaking individuals were significantly less likely to complete a video telehealth encounter. In the context of expanding telemedicine usage in the United States, and the need to reduce the disparate impact of COVID-19 on minority populations, it will be increasingly important to identify barriers to telehealth utilization, as well as opportunities to improve access.
  We aim to develop and validate a deep learning-based system that covers various aspects of early gastric cancer (EGC) diagnosis, including detecting gastric neoplasm, identifying EGC, and predicting EGC invasion depth and differentiation status. Herein, we provide a state-of-the-art comparison of the system with endoscopists using real-time videos in a nationwide human-machine competition.
 
  This multicenter, prospective, real-time, competitive comparative, diagnostic study enrolled consecutive patients who received magnifying narrow-band (M-NBI) endoscopy in Peking University Cancer Hospital from June 9, 2020, to November 17, 2020.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/R7935788-Fostamatinib.html  The offline competition was conducted in Wuhan, China, and the endoscopists and the system simultaneously read the patients' videos and made the diagnoses. The primary outcomes were sensitivity in detecting neoplasms and diagnosing EGCs.
 
  In total, 100 videos, including 37 EGCs and 63 noncancerous lesions, were enrolled; 46 endoscopists from 44 hospitals in 19 provinces in Chinclinical practice.
  Common bile duct (CBD) dilation is a frequent indication for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS). Among asymptomatic individuals, biliary dilation may not be clinically significant; however, EUS is often relied upon for the exclusion of benign and malignant pathology that might require further intervention. The yield of EUS evaluation for this indication is not well characterized and has significant implications for health resource utilization because asymptomatic biliary dilation is prevalent. Through this systematic review, we sought to appraise the yield of EUS evaluation of asymptomatic patients with radiologic evidence of isolated CBD dilation.
 
  A protocolled search (PROSPERO CRD42020193428) extracted original studies from Cochrane Library, Ovid Embase, Google Scholar, Ovid Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and Web of Science Core Collection which described diagnostic yield of EUS among asymptomatic patients with biliary dilation. Cumulative EUS diagnostic yield was calculated through meta-analysis of proportions using inverse variance methods and a random effect model.
 
  Of 2616 studies, 8 delineated the EUS yield among 224 asymptomatic patients. The cumulative yield of EUS for any pathology was 11.2% (95% CI, 3.6%- 21.6%). EUS yielded benign etiologies in 9.2% (95% CI, 1.1%-21.9%), of which choledocholithiasis comprised 3.4% (95% CI, 0%-11.2%), and malignant etiologies among 0.5% (95% CI, 0%-3.4%) of the cases.
 
  EUS in patients with asymptomatic CBD dilation does yield findings of choledocholithiasis and malignancy, albeit at low rates. Cost-effectiveness analysis is warranted to further guide clinical decision-making in this area.
 EUS in patients with asymptomatic CBD dilation does yield findings of choledocholithiasis and malignancy, albeit at low rates. Cost-effectiveness analysis is warranted to further guide clinical decision-making in this area.