Leydig cells play pivotal roles in eliciting male characteristics by producing testosterone and any damage to these cells can compromise male fertility Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is an intracellular parasite capable to invade any nucleated cell, including cells from male reproductive system. Herein, we evaluated the capacity of RH strain of T. gondii to infect TM3 Leydig cells and the impact of this infection on testosterone and inflammatory mediators production. We first, by performing adherence, infection, and intracellular proliferation assays, we found a significant increase in the number of infected Leydig cells, peaking 48 h after the infection with T. gondii. Supernatants of TM3 infected cells exhibited, in a time-dependent manner, increased levels of testosterone as well as monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and interferon-γ (IFN-γ), which is correlated with the robust T. gondii infection. In conclusion, our study provides new insights regarding the harmful effects of T. gondii infection on male reproductive system.
  To analyze the effects at the musculoskeletal level of manual treatment of the diaphragm muscle in adults.
 
  Systematic review using 4 databases PubMed, Science Direct, Web of Science, and Scopus.
 
  Two independent reviewers applied the selection criteria and assessed the quality of the studies using the Physiotherapy Evidence Database scale for experimental studies. A third reviewer intervened in cases where a consensus had not been reached. A total of 9 studies were included in the review.
 
  Manual therapy directed to the diaphragm has been shown to be effective in terms of the immediate increase in diaphragmatic mobility and thoracoabdominal expansion. The immediate improvement in the posterior muscle chain flexibility test is another of the most frequently found findings in the evaluated studies. Limited studies show improvements at the lumbar and cervical level in the range of motion and in pain.
 
  Manual diaphragm therapy has shown an immediate significant effect on parameters related to costal, spinal, and posterior muscle chain mobility. Further studies are needed, not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of manual diaphragm therapy in the long-term and in symptomatic populations, but also to investigate the specific neurophysiological mechanisms involved in this type of therapy.
 Manual diaphragm therapy has shown an immediate significant effect on parameters related to costal, spinal, and posterior muscle chain mobility. Further studies are needed, not only to demonstrate the effectiveness of manual diaphragm therapy in the long-term and in symptomatic populations, but also to investigate the specific neurophysiological mechanisms involved in this type of therapy.
  A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted to determine the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on functional capacity and quality of life in interstitial lung diseases, including those caused by coronaviruses.
 
  MEDLINE, EMBASE, SPORTDiscus, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and MedRxiv from inception to November 2020 were searched to identify documents.
 
  Publications investigating the effect of pulmonary rehabilitation on lung function (forced vital capacity [FVC]), exercise capacity (6-minute walk distance [6MWD]), health related quality of life (HRQOL), and dyspnea were searched.
 
  The data were extracted into predesigned data extraction tables. Risk of bias was evaluated with the Cochrane Risk of Bias tool (RoB 2.0).
 
  A total of 11 RCTs with 637 interstitial lung disease patients were eligible for analyses. The pooled effect sizes of the association for pulmonary rehabilitation were 0.37 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.02-0.71) for FVC, 44.55 (95% CI, 32.46-56.64) for 6MWD, 0.52 (95% CI, 0.22-0.82) for HRQOL, and 0.39 (95% CI, -0.08 to 0.87) for dyspnea. After translating these findings considering clinical improvements, pulmonary rehabilitation intervention increased predicted FVC by 5.5%, the 6MWD test improved by 44.55 m, and HRQOL improved by 3.9 points compared with baseline values. Results remained similar in sensitivity analyses.
 
  Although specific evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019 patients has emerged, our data support that interstitial lung disease rehabilitation could be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the functional capacity and quality of life in this group of patients.
 Although specific evidence for pulmonary rehabilitation of coronavirus disease 2019 patients has emerged, our data support that interstitial lung disease rehabilitation could be considered as an effective therapeutic strategy to improve the functional capacity and quality of life in this group of patients.
  To examine sensitivity to change and responsiveness of the Community Balance & Mobility Scale (CBM) and shortened CBM (s-CBM) DESIGN Secondary analysis using data of a randomized controlled trial SETTING General community PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling seniors aged 61-70 years INTERVENTION Participants underwent 12 months of exercise intervention MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES CBM and s-CBM. Sensitivity to change was assessed using standardized response mean (SRM), and paired t-tests as appropriate. Responsiveness was assessed using two minimal important difference (MID) estimates. Analyses were conducted for the full sample and for the subgroups 'high-balance' and 'low-balance', divided by median split.
 
  Young community-dwelling seniors (n=155, 66.2±2.5) were recruited. Inferential statistics revealed a significant CBM (p<0.001) and s-CBM (p<0.001) improvement within the full sample and the subgroups (high-balance p=0.001, p=0.019; low-balance p<0.001, p<0.001). CBM and s-CBM were moderately sensiiors with low-balance.
  To examine the associations among social networks and loneliness on health and life satisfaction in adults with chronic spinal cord injury/dysfunction (SCI/D).
 
  Cross-sectional telephone survey study.
 
  Tertiary spinal cord injury rehabilitation center in Ontario, Canada.
 
  Community-dwelling adults with chronic SCI/D (N=170).
 
  Not applicable.
 
  The main outcome measures were the Short-Form 36 to assess health and the Life Satisfaction-11 to assess life satisfaction.
 
  A hierarchical regression model predicting physical health accounted for 24% (P<.001) of the variance. The only social network variable to significantly contribute to the model was having a higher proportion of network members living in one's household (P<.05).  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/bms-265246.html  A model predicting mental health accounted for 44% (P<.001) of the variance, with having a higher proportion of network members living in one's household (P<.05) and lower feelings of loneliness (P<.001) associated with better mental health. Finally, the model predicting life satisfaction accounted for 62% (P<.