The toxic leachate generated from landfills is becoming a major nuisance to the environment and has vital role in groundwater contamination. This study evaluated the potential of zero valent aluminium (ZVAl) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) for stabilized landfill leachate treatment. Hydrogen peroxide (HP) and persulfate (PS) were used to generate additional radicals in aerated ZVAl acid process. ZVAl-acid system achieved 83% COD removal efficiency under optimized conditions such as acid washing time of 20 min, ZVAl dose of 10 g L-1 at initial pH 1.5.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/pu-h71.html  The highest exclusion efficiencies in terms of TOC, COD as well as color were 83.52%, 96% and 63.71% respectively in treatment systems showing the following order ZVAl/H+/Air/HP/PS > ZVAl/H+/Air/PS > ZVAl/H+/Air/HP > ZVAl/H+/Air > ZVAl/H+. The involvement of other metals such as Fe and Cu in the process has been found. The reusability study revealed that ZVAl powder can be effectively used up to three cycles. The 28.48 mg/l of Al3+ residue was observed in this process which has to be removed before discharge of effluent. The study indicated that the ZVAl based AOPs is stable and active for the degradation of organic pollutants present in landfill leachate and a promising solution except for the aluminium discharge which has to be given special care. The beneficial associations between Arachis hypogaea L. (peanut) and fluorescent Pseudomonas species have been poorly explored despite their predominance in the peanut rhizosphere. The present study explores the mutually beneficial interactions between peanut roots and P. aeruginosa P4 (P4) in terms of their impact on plant growth, defence physiology and the root-rhizobacterial interface. The efficient phosphate solubilizer P4 exhibited biocontrol abilities, including the production of siderophores, pyocyanin, indole-3-acetic acid and hydrogen cyanide. The bacterization of peanut seeds with multi-potential P4 significantly enhanced in vitro seed germination and seedling vigour. Under sand-based gnotobiotic (10 days post-inoculation) and sterile soil-based cultivation systems (30 days post-inoculation), sustained P4 colonization enhanced the peanut root length and dry plant biomass. The subsequent increase in catalase, polyphenol oxidase and phenylalanine ammonia lyase activities with increased phenolic contents in the peanut roots and shoots suggested the systemic priming of defences. Consequently, the altered root exudate composition caused enhanced chemo-attraction towards P4 itself and the symbiotic N2-fixing Bradyrhizobium strain. Co-inoculating peanuts with P4 and Bradyrhizobium confirmed the improved total bacterial colonization (∼2 fold) of the root tip, with the successful co-localization of both, as substantiated by scanning electron microscopy. Collectively, the peanut-P4 association could potentially model the beneficial Pseudomonas-driven multi-trophic rhizosphere benefits, emphasizing the plausible role of non-rhizobium PGPR in promoting N2 fixation. The effect of hydrothermal carbonization (Htc) on the hydrochar properties and sulfur conversion for microalgae was investigated. The sulfur species and distribution in solid and aqueous products produced from different temperature (180-300 °C) were evaluated. Results suggested that varying temperature significantly influenced the elemental composition, functional groups of hydrochar, and the sulfur species in the products. With temperature increased, the hydrochar had increased aromatic structure with low H/C and O/C ratio, and more conversion of organic sulfur into liquid as SO42--S, which acquired the highest concentration (293.31 mg/L) at 300 °C. The thiophene-S, aromatic-S, and thiazole-S accounted for the main sulfur species in bio-oil, while components of thiophene-S and thiazole-S were decreased at high temperature. In addition, elevated temperature resulted in more sulfur forms (i.e. thiophene) in hydrochar and formation of more inorganic-S species like sulfate. Pecan cultivation has increased in recent years. Consequently, the amount of lignocellulosic residuals from its production has expanded. Thus, there is a necessity to explore and add value to their coproducts. The objective of this work was to obtain reducing sugars from pecan biomasses by the optimization of the subcritical water hydrolysis technology in a semi-continuous mode and the physicochemical and morphological characterization of these materials, such as SEM, TGA and FT-IR analysis. Temperatures of 180, 220 and 260 °C, water/solids mass ratio of 15 and 30 g water/g biomass and total reaction time of 15 min were used. The highest reducing sugar yield was 27.1 g/100 g of biomass, obtained at 220 °C and R-15 for pecan shells. TGA, SEM and FT-IR analysis indicated the modifications of structures and compositions of biomasses in fresh and hydrolyzed samples. The main aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a nano zero-valent iron-modified biochar-amended composite riverbed (nZVI@BC-R) on inhibited infiltration and enhanced biodegradation of fluoroglucocorticoids (FGCs) in a river receiving reclaimed water. The results demonstrated that the removal efficiency of triamcinolone acetonide (TA), a representative FGC, increased from 38.40% and 77.91% to 91.60% in the nZVI@BC-R compared with that of a natural soil riverbed (S-R) and biochar-amended soil riverbed (BC-R). The main removal mechanismwas attributedto adsorption and biodegradation, of which the contribution rates were 32.2% and 59.4% in nZVI@BC-R, 18.9% and 19.5% in S-R, and 24.4% and 53.5% in BC-R, respectively. The removal process could be described by a two-compartment, first-order dynamic model with decay rate constants for adsorption and biodegradation of 4.02700, 22.44400, and 29.07300 d-1 and 0.00286, 0.01562, and 0.03484 d-1 in the S-R, BC-R and nZVI@BC-R, respectively. The mechanism of defluorination accounted for 42.2% of biodegradation in the nZVI@BC-R, which was accompanied by side-chain rupture, oxidation, and ringopening. Functional microbes with iron oxidizing ability and reductive dehalogenating genera, namely Pseudoxanthomonas, Pedobacter, and Bosea, contributed to the high removal rate of TA, particularly in the nZVI@BC-R. Overall, the nZVI@BC-R provided an effective method to inhibit glucocorticoids infiltration into groundwater.