https://www.selleckchem.com/products/azaindole-1.html The neural stem cells (NSCs) are essential for normal brain development and homeostasis. The cell state (i.e. quiescent versus activated) and fate (i.e. the cell lineage of choice upon differentiation) of NSCs are tightly controlled by various redox and epigenetic regulatory mechanisms. There is an increasing appreciation that redox and epigenetic regulations are intimately linked, but how this redox-epigenetics crosstalk affects NSC activity remains poorly understood. Another unresolved topic is whether the NSCs actually contribute to brain ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we aim to 1) distill concepts that underlie redox and epigenetic regulation of NSC state and fate; 2) provide examples of the redox-epigenetics crosstalk in NSC biology; and 3) highlight potential redox- and epigenetic-based therapeutic opportunities to rescue NSC dysfunctions in ageing and neurodegenerative diseases. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) inhibitors are potential candidates for the treatment of peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. Similar to peripheral action within the brain also, PTP1B activation impairs insulin signaling pathways. Activation of PTP1B in brain also accentuates neuroinflammation, oxidative stress and decreases neurotrophic factors in various brain dysfunctions including cognitive decline. The main objective of our study was to elucidate the role of alendronate, a potent PTP1B inhibitor (blood brain barrier crossing bisphosphonate) in central insulin resistance and associated memory deficits. To induce central insulin resistance, streptozotocin (3 mg/kg) intracerebroventricular (ICV) was administered in two alternate days (1 and 3 ). After 21 days, memory was assessed via using the passive avoidance and Morris water maze paradigm. At the end of behavioral studies, animals were sacrificed to assess a variety of biochemical and molecular parameters in the hippocampling pat