Making use of Q-methodology to find out College students Views involving Interprofessional Body structure Schooling.
 The beginning of 2020 has seen the emergence of COVID-19, an outbreak caused by a novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, an important pathogen for humans. There is an urgent need to better understand this new virus and to develop ways to control its spread. In Iran, the first case of the COVID-19 was reported after spread from China and other countries. Fever, cough, and fatigue were the most common symptoms of this virus. In worldwide, the incubation period of COVID-19 was 3 to 7 days and approximately 80% of infections are mild or asymptomatic, 15% are severe, requiring oxygen, and 5% are critical infections, requiring ventilation. To mount an antiviral response, the innate immune system recognizes molecular structures that are produced by the invasion of the virus. COVID-19 infection induces IgG antibodies against N protein that can be detected by serum as early as day 4 after the onset of disease and with most patients seroconverting by day 14. Laboratory evidence of clinical patients showed that a specific T-cell response against SARS-CoV-2 is important for the recognition and killing of infected cells, particularly in the lungs of infected individuals. At present, there is no specific antiviral therapy for COVID-19 and the main treatments are supportive. In this review, we investigated the innate and acquired immune responses in patients who recovered from COVID-19, which could inform the design of prophylactic vaccines and immunotherapy for the future. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.OBJECTIVES The driving force of the malignant transformation of epithelial cells during oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is an unsettled debate. We hypothesized that the expression and accumulation of cancer stem cells (CSCs) are accompanied by epithelial atrophy in OSF. MATERIALS AND METHODS The expression levels of Ki67 (proliferation marker), SOX2 and Bmi1 (CSC marker) in the epithelium during the early, middle and late stages of OSF were measured by immunohistochemistry. At the same time, we focused on the expression of three proteins in OSF patients with benign hyperkeratosis and epithelial dysplasia. RESULTS The clinical cohort study showed upregulated expression of the proliferation-associated protein Ki67 in atrophic epithelium in patients with OSF. The expression levels of SOX2 and Bmi1 showed an increasing trend in the progression of OSF. Ki67, SOX2 and Bmi1 were highly expressed in OSF tissues with dysplasia. Moreover, the three proteins were located at the epithelial and mesenchymal junctions, and their expression showed a positive correlation with each other. CONCLUSION The results suggests that CSC accumulation could accompanied by epithelial atrophy during OSF, which may be responsible for the driving forces for OSF carcinogenesis. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.RATIONALE Gigantol is a bibenzyl compound isolated from Dendrobii Caulis that has been widely used as a medicinal herb in China. To fully understand the mechanism of action of gigantol, it is necessary to determine its metabolic profile. METHODS Gigantol at the concentration of 20 μM was incubated with hepatocytes (rat, dog, monkey and human) at 37 o C. After 120-min incubation, the samples were analyzed by liquid chromatography combined with electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry. The structures of the metabolites were characterized by their molecular masses, product ions and retention times. RESULTS A total of 17 metabolites were detected and structurally identified. The metabolism involved the following pathways a) oxidation to form quinone-methide species and subsequently conjugation with glautathions (GSH); b) demethylation to form demethylated gigantol, which was further conjugated with GSH; c) hydroxylation to yield hydroxyl-gigantol followed by glucuronidation or GSH conjugation; d) glucuronidation to form glucuronide conjugates. Glucuronidation was the primary metabolic pathway in all tested species. CONCLUSIONS Hydroxylation, demethylation, glucuronidation and GSH conjugation were the major metabolic pathways of gigantol. The current study provides new information on the metabolic profiles of gigantol, which is helpful for us to understand the disposition of this compound.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html  This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The Mn(III)/Mn(II) redox couple with a standard potential of +1.51 V vs .  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/ABT-263.html  SHE has drawn interest for the design of V/Mn redox flow battery (RFB). However, Mn(III) disproportionation leads to a loss of capacity, an increase of pressure drop and electrode passivation due to the formation of MnO 2 during battery cycling. In this work, we studied the influence of Ti(IV) or/and V(V) on Mn(III) stability in acidic conditions, by formulating 4 different electrolytes at equimolar ratios (Mn, MnTi, MnV, MnVTi). Voltammetric studies have revealed a EC i process for Mn(II) oxidation responsible for the electrode passivation. SEM and XPS analysis demonstrate that the nature and the morphology of the passivating oxides layer strongly rely on the electrolyte composition. Spectroelectrochemistry highlights the stabilization effect of Ti(IV) and V(V) on Mn(III). At a comparable pH, the amount of Mn(III) losses through disproportionation is decreased by a factor of 2.5 in the presence of Ti(IV) or/and V(V). V(V) is an efficient substitute to Ti(IV) in order to stabilize Mn(III) electrolyte for redox flow battery applications. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Perovskite oxides with general composition ABO3 are a large group of inorganic materials that can contain a variety of cations from all parts of the Periodic Table and that have diverse properties of application in fields ranging from electronics, energy storage to photocatalysis. Solvothermal synthesis routes to these materials have become increasingly investigated in the past decade as a means of direct crystallisation of the solids from solution. These methods have significant advantages leading to adjustment of crystal form from the nanoscale to the micron-scale, the isolation of compositions not possible using conventional solid-state synthesis and in addition may lead to scalable processes for producing materials at moderate temperatures. These aspects are reviewed, with examples taken from the past decade's literature on the solvothermal synthesis of perovskites with a systematic survey of B-site cations, from transition metals in Groups 4-8 and main group elements in Groups 13, 14 and 15, to solid solutions and heterostructures.