Cement industry workers are at high risk due to the dust emitted at various steps of its production. Pulmonary damage is the most important hazard. This work aimed to evaluate lung function and oxidative stress parameters of the workers.
 
  A cross-sectional study involving 97 workers in four cement factories was conducted from December/2019 to March/2020. Data collection was performed by spirometry test and measuring oxidative stress parameters.
 
  There were significant differences in forced vital capacity (FVC) and forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) between workers in milling and packaging departments.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/piperaquine-phosphate.html  Negative correlations were found between oxidative stress and spirometric parameters.
 
  Prolonged occupational exposure to cement dust could worsen the pulmonary function. Working in milling department is associated with a pronounced effect on oxidative stress. Higher oxidative stress parameters were associated with lower pulmonary function.
 Prolonged occupational exposure to cement dust could worsen the pulmonary function. Working in milling department is associated with a pronounced effect on oxidative stress. Higher oxidative stress parameters were associated with lower pulmonary function.
  To evaluate the pulmonary alterations in workers from a dental prosthesis laboratory and explore dust and bacterial dissemination generated in the laboratory.
 
  Spirometry and computerized axial tomography were performed on 67 workers. Dust in workplace air was determined using the filtration-gravimetric method, and bacterial detection was explored using 16S rDNA gene sequencing.
 
  Pulmonary alterations were detected in 37% of the workers. Airborne dust concentrations were determined to be higher than the maximum permissible exposure limit, and bacterial detection analysis revealed 23 bacterial genera. The most frequently detected bacterial genus was Sphingomonas sp., which has been described as microbiota associated with disease of the oral cavity.
 
  The results of this study highlight the importance of the implementation of biosecurity measures, improvement of ventilation systems, and routine disinfection of dental impressions.
 The results of this study highlight the importance of the implementation of biosecurity measures, improvement of ventilation systems, and routine disinfection of dental impressions.
  Eight weeks of time-restricted eating (TRE) in concert with habitual exercise training was investigated for effects on body composition, energy and macronutrient intakes, indices of endurance running performance, and markers of metabolic health in endurance athletes.
 
  Male middle- and long-distance runners (n = 23) were randomly assigned to TRE (n = 12) or habitual dietary intake (CON; n = 11). TRE required participants to consume all of their dietary intake within an 8-h eating window (so-called 168 TRE), but dietary patterns, food choices, and energy intake were ad libitum during this window. Participants continued their habitual training during the intervention period. Participants completed an incremental exercise test before (PRE) and after (POST) the 8-wk intervention for the assessment of blood lactate concentrations, running economy, and maximal oxygen uptake. Fasted blood samples were analyzed for glucose, insulin, and triglyceride concentrations. Dietary intake was assessed at PRE, MID (week 4), mmensurate with a reduction in daily energy intake, but it did not alter indices of endurance running performance or metabolic health.
  Evidence from model systems implicates long-chain acyl-coenzyme A synthetase (ACSL) as key regulators of skeletal muscle fat oxidation and fat storage; however, such roles remain underexplored in humans.
 
  We sought to determine the protein expression of ACSL isoforms in skeletal muscle at rest and in response to acute exercise and identify relationships between skeletal muscle ACSL and measures of fat metabolism in humans.
 
  Sedentary adults (n = 14 [4 males and 10 females], body mass index = 22.2 ± 2.1 kg·m-2, V˙O2max = 32.2 ± 4.5 mL·kg-1⋅min-1) completed two study visits. Trials were identical other than completing 1 h of cycling exercise (65% V˙O2max) or remaining sedentary. Vastus lateralis biopsies were obtained 15-min postexercise (or rest) and 2-h postexercise to determine ACSL protein abundance. Whole-body fat oxidation was assessed at rest and during exercise using indirect calorimetry. Skeletal muscle triacylglycerol (TAG) was measured via lipidomic analysis.
 
  We detected protein expression for exercise. Our findings agree with those from model systems implicating ACSL1 and ACSL6 as possible determinants of fat oxidation and fat storage within skeletal muscle.
  This study aimed to assess the agreement between B-mode ultrasound and air displacement plethysmography (ADP) body composition results in preprofessional ballet dancers.
 
  Male (n = 21, Mage = 17.2 ± 1.7 yr, MBMI = 20.5 ± 2.0 kg·m-2) and female (n = 27, Mage = 16.1 ± 1.4 yr, MBMI = 18.3 ± 1.3 kg·m-2) dancers were assessed by ADP and ultrasound to determine body fat percentage (%BF), fat mass (FM), and fat-free mass (FFM). Pearson's correlations were used to assess agreement, and paired t-tests were used to determine differences between devices (α = 0.05). Ultrasound validity was assessed using SEE and total error. Bland-Altman plots were used to identify 95% limits of agreement.
 
  Agreement was high for %BF (females, r = 0.94; males, r = 0.77), FM (females, r = 0.94; males, r = 0.73), and FFM (females, r = 0.95; males, r = 0.99). However, ultrasound overestimated %BF and FM and underestimated FFM (P < 0.05) compared with ADP in females only. In addition, there were stronger agreement and lower error for FFM compared with both %BF and FM regardless of sex.
 
  There is strong agreement between ultrasound and ADP in this population. Although ultrasound may be a useful field tool to assess body composition, future research is needed to refine %BF equations in this population to reduce calculation errors.
 There is strong agreement between ultrasound and ADP in this population. Although ultrasound may be a useful field tool to assess body composition, future research is needed to refine %BF equations in this population to reduce calculation errors.