https://www.selleckchem.com/products/nt157.html We investigated the co-effects of Met and glucose on bee development, and found that the effects of an increased glucose level on the number of ovarioles and body length did not strengthen the worker-inductive effects caused by Met. Our results contribute to caste development theory and suggest that Met-as a methyl donor-plays a regulatory, but not decisive, role in caste differentiation. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.In this study, the effectiveness of PASylation in enhancing the potency and plasma half-life of pharmaceutical proteins has been accredited as an alternative biological technique to the conventional methods such as PEGylation. PAS chain has shown some advantages including biodegradability improvement and plasma half-life enhancement while lacking immunogenicity or toxicity. Although some experimental studies have been performed to find the mechanism behind PASylation, the detailed mechanism of PAS effects on the pharmaceutical proteins has remained obscure, especially at the molecular level. In this study, the interaction of Interferon α-2a and PAS chain was investigated using molecular dynamics simulation method by implementing NAMD package. We studied several important parameters including secondary structure, root-mean-square distance, residue root-mean-square fluctuation as well as protein-water H-bond number, solvent accessible surface area and gyration radius to investigate the stability, bioavailability and bioactivity of the PASylated protein. The results demonstrated that IFN conformation was not affected critically through PASylation while it resulted in improvement of the protein stability and bioactivity. Therefore, PASylation can be considered as a proper biological alternative technique to increase the plasma half-life of the biopharmaceutical proteins through enlarging apparent volume. The proposed si