ed over 108 weeks. © 2020 The Authors. The Journal of Dermatology published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Dermatological Association.Legacy for Children™ (Legacy) is an evidence-based program focused on promoting sensitive, responsive parenting for socioeconomically disadvantaged families. Legacy has recently been culturally and linguistically adapted for Spanish-monolingual Latino families and is being piloted in partnership with an early childhood education program. We conducted a mixed methods study to identify barriers and facilitators to engagement, using program monitoring data sources from both participant and group leader perspectives. We conducted qualitative analyses of open-ended data to identify distinct barriers (e.g., employment challenges, health-related challenges and appointments) and facilitators (e.g., other mothers in group, interest in program topics) to engagement that emerged across English and Spanish language curriculum versions; curriculum-specific barriers and facilitators were also documented. We interpret these findings in light of quantitative data on measures of engagement, showing that participants in the Spanish curriculum evidenced comparable levels of parent-group leader relationship quality relative to the English group, and higher levels of parent's group support/connectedness and overall satisfaction. These results offer promising considerations for optimizing families' engagement in parenting programs in the context of early care and education settings. © 2020 Michigan Association for Infant Mental Health.Due to a lack of standardized tests, it is difficult to obtain prevalence data and define the real impact of occult HBV infection (OBI) in Western countries. The present review article addresses the prevalence of OBI, defined as presence of HBV DNA in liver tissue or plasma in HBsAg-negative subjects, in Western countries It varies in different studies according to the different methodologies used (based on serology vs. virology), to the sample analyzed for the diagnosis (liver tissue vs plasma), to the different populations studied, to the different geographical variations in the HBV spread, to the host characteristics (age, gender, risk factors for acquiring HBV infection) and to the presence of other parenteral infections (hepatitis C virus and/or human immunodeficiency virus-HIV infections). Considering the different liver diseases analyzed, i.e. in patients with cryptogenic cirrhosis or advanced liver fibrosis, the prevalence of OBI ranges 4 to 38%. Considering the different populations studied, in the case of parenteral blood exposure it is about 45%, in patients with chronic hepatitis C it is estimated about 52%, in HIV-infected patients it ranges from 0 to 45%, in blood donors from 0 to 22.7% and in hemodialysis patients it ranges from 0 to 54%. In conclusion, OBI is a virological entity to be considered when performing the patient's evaluation for immunosuppressive diseases, liver pathologies or for blood transfusions. Knowing the prevalence and clinical impact of OBI will allow better patient management. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.The conjunctival mucosa is directly exposed to infectious droplets expelled by patients during close contact and fomites when the eye is touched by contaminated hands.2, 3 More over, the mucosa of the conjunctiva and upper respiratory tract is connected by nasolacrimal duct, and share the same entry receptor of SARS-CoV-2, angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2), on host cell membranes.2, 3 Hence, it is reasonable to postulate that the conjunctiva may be easily involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection, and may even act as a route of transmission during SARS-CoV-2 infection. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Since the outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection in humans in late 2019, it has rapidly spread worldwide. To identify the biological characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 in a normal laboratory environment (BSL-2), a lentiviral-based nucleocapsid was used to carry the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2 onto the surface of pseudoviral particles as a surrogate model to evaluate the infective characterization of SARS-CoV-2. This study indicated that SARS-CoV-2 has extensive tissue tropism for humans and may infect monkeys and tree shrews but not rodents. More importantly, the use of pseudoviral particles in this study allows rapid assessment of neutralizing antibodies in serum in a BSL-2 laboratory. This study will provide a quick and easy tool for evaluating neutralizing antibodies in the serum of recovering patients and assessing the potency of candidate vaccines. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright.  https://www.selleckchem.com/products/Thiazovivin.html  All rights reserved.We appreciate the comments of Liu et al.1 and Peng et al.2 in relation to our previous study. Currently, the controversy on the relationship among SARS-CoV-2 infection, the ocular surface and conjunctivitis are reflected in two aspects as follows (i) can SARS-CoV-2 infection cause conjunctivitis? (ii) can SARS-CoV-2 be transmitted through the ocular surface? This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Sphingosine kinases type 1 (SphK1) is a key enzyme in the phosphorylation of sphingosine to sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P). Different abnormalities in SphK1 functions may correspond with poor prognosis in various cancers. Additionally, upregulated SphK1/S1P could promote cancer cell proliferation, angiogenesis, mobility, invasion, and metastasis. MicroRNAs as conserved small noncoding RNAs play major roles in cancer initiation, progression, metastasis, etc. Their post-transcriptionally mechanisms could affect the development of cancer growth or tumorigenesis suppression. The growing number of studies has been described that various microRNAs can be regulated by SphK1 and its expression level can also be regulated by microRNAs. In this review, the relationship of SphK1 and microRNA functions and their interaction in human malignancies have been discussed, which based on them, novel treatment strategies can be introduced. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved. This article is protected by copyright.