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1. **What is a Test Case?**

- A test case is a set of conditions or steps used to test a specific feature or functionality in software to ensure it works as expected.

2. **What is a Table? What is a View? **

- **Table:** A table is a collection of data organized in rows and columns in a database.

- **View:** A view is a virtual table in SQL that is based on the result-set of a SQL query. It doesn’t store data itself but displays data from one or more tables.

3. **Joins Related Query:**

- **Joins** are used in SQL to combine rows from two or more tables based on a related column. Common types include:

- **INNER JOIN:** Returns records with matching values in both tables.

- **LEFT JOIN (Left Outer Join):** Returns all records from the left table and matched records from the right table. If no match, NULL is returned.

- **RIGHT JOIN (Right Outer Join):** Returns all records from the right table and matched records from the left table. If no match, NULL is returned.

- **FULL JOIN (Full Outer Join):** Returns records when there is a match in either left or right table. If no match, NULL is returned.

4. **Union vs Union All:**

- **UNION:** Combines the result of two or more SELECT queries and removes duplicates.

- **UNION ALL:** Combines the result of two or more SELECT queries without removing duplicates.

5. **Functions in SQL:**

- Functions are pre-defined operations in SQL that perform calculations or transformations on data, such as:

- **Aggregate Functions:** SUM, AVG, COUNT, MIN, MAX.

- **String Functions:** CONCAT, SUBSTRING, LENGTH.

- **Date Functions:** NOW(), DATEADD, DATEDIFF.

6. **Substring:**

- `SUBSTRING` is a function in SQL that extracts a part of a string from a specified starting position and for a specified length.

7. **INTSTG (Assuming you meant Integer String Conversion):**

- Conversion between integer (number) and string (text) formats in SQL or programming languages.

8. **Where Condition in Queries:**

- The `WHERE` clause in SQL is used to filter records that meet specific criteria.

9. **What is Data Providers? Real-Time Example?**

- **Data Providers** in testing frameworks like TestNG provide a way to pass multiple sets of data to a test method, making it possible to run the same test with different data.

- **Real-Time Example:** Testing login functionality with different username and password combinations.

10. **STLC (Software Testing Life Cycle):**

- STLC refers to the stages involved in testing software, including requirement analysis, test planning, test design, test execution, defect reporting, and test closure.

11. **About Count Function:**

- `COUNT`

COUNT is an aggregate function in SQL that returns the number of rows that match

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